All You Need To Know

Creating a plant terrarium or living biome terrarium is a rewarding and creative way to bring a touch of nature indoors. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced gardener, this detailed step-by-step guide will help you craft a beautiful and sustainable miniature ecosystem. Let’s dive in!
 
 

Materials You’ll Need

Essential Supplies:

  1. Container:
    • Glass containers are ideal for terrariums as they allow light to reach the plants from all angles. Options include:
      • Glass jars or bottles
      • Fish bowls
      • Recycled glass containers (e.g., old aquariums, mason jars)
      • Open or closed containers depending on the type of terrarium you want to create
  2. Drainage Materials:
    • Small stones or pebbles: Prevent water from pooling around the roots.
    • Activated charcoal: Helps filter the water and prevent mold and odors.
  3. Growing Medium:
    • Potting soil: Choose a type appropriate for your selected plants (e.g., cactus mix for succulents, regular potting soil for ferns).
  4. Plants:
    • Select plants that thrive in similar conditions and are suitable for terrarium environments. Common choices include:
      • Closed terrariums: Ferns, mosses, air plants, and tropical plants.
      • Open terrariums: Succulents, cacti, and other drought-tolerant plants.
  5. Decorative Elements (Optional):
    • Decorative stones, shells, figurines, or driftwood to enhance the aesthetic appeal.
  6. Tools:
    • Small shovel or scoop
    • Tweezers or long chopsticks (for placing plants and decorations)
    • Spray bottle (for watering)
    • Funnel or spoon (for adding soil)

 
 

Step-by-Step Instructions

Step 1: Choose and Prepare Your Container

  1. Select a Container:
    • Decide on the size and shape based on the plants you intend to use. Ensure it has enough space for growth.
    • For closed terrariums, choose a container with a lid or a wide opening to trap moisture.
    • For open terrariums, ensure good air circulation to prevent excessive humidity.
  2. Clean the Container:
    • Wash the container with warm soapy water to remove any residues. Rinse thoroughly and let it dry completely.

Step 2: Add a Drainage Layer

  1. Layer of Small Stones or Pebbles:
    • Place a 1-2 inch layer of small stones or pebbles at the bottom of the container. This facilitates drainage and prevents root rot by allowing excess water to flow away from the soil.

Step 3: Add Activated Charcoal

  1. Charcoal Layer:
    • Sprinkle a thin layer of activated charcoal (about half an inch) over the stones. This helps filter the water, keeps the terrarium fresh, and prevents mold and bacteria growth.

Step 4: Add Potting Soil

  1. Soil Layer:
    • Add a layer of potting soil appropriate for your plants. The depth should be sufficient to accommodate the roots (typically 2-3 inches).
    • Create small wells or mounds in the soil where each plant will be placed.

Step 5: Arrange Your Plants

  1. Prepare the Plants:
    • Remove plants from their pots and gently shake off excess soil from the roots. Trim any dead or overgrown roots.
  2. Position the Plants:
    • Start with the largest plant first, placing it in the center or a focal point.
    • Arrange smaller plants around it, ensuring they have enough space to grow.
    • Use tweezers or chopsticks to position plants precisely without disturbing the soil.
  3. Planting:
    • Press each plant gently into the soil, ensuring roots are well-covered. Avoid overcrowding to allow for growth and air circulation.
 
 

Step 6: Add Decorative Elements

  1. Enhance Aesthetics:
    • Add decorative stones, shells, miniature figurines, or driftwood to personalize your terrarium.
    • Layering decorative elements can add depth and interest to your mini ecosystem.
  2. Add Moss (Optional - but my preffered!):
    • Place moss on top of the soil to retain moisture and give a finished look.

Step 7: Water Your Terrarium

  1. Initial Watering:
    • Lightly mist the plants and soil using a spray bottle. The goal is to moisten the soil without making it soggy.
    • For succulents and cacti, use less water. For tropical plants, keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.

Step 8: Seal or Cover the Terrarium (If Creating a Closed Terrarium)

  1. Closed Terrarium:
    • Place the lid on the container to create a humid environment. This is ideal for moisture-loving plants like ferns and mosses.
    • Place the terrarium in indirect sunlight. Avoid direct sunlight, which can overheat the container and harm the plants.
  2. Open Terrarium:
    • Leave the container uncovered to allow air circulation. Suitable for plants that prefer drier conditions like succulents and cacti.
    • Position in a bright area with ample indirect light.
 
 
 

Maintenance and Care

Light Requirements:

  • Indirect Light: Most terrarium plants thrive in bright, indirect sunlight. A north or east-facing window is often ideal.
  • Avoid Direct Sunlight: Direct sun can cause overheating and excessive moisture buildup, especially in closed terrariums.

Watering:

  • Closed Terrariums:
    • Generally, closed terrariums require minimal watering as the moisture recycles within. Check occasionally and mist lightly if needed.
  • Open Terrariums:
    • Water more frequently, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. Use a spray bottle to control the amount of water applied.

Humidity and Ventilation:

  • Closed Terrariums:
    • Maintain a balance of humidity. If condensation becomes excessive, briefly open the lid to allow some moisture to escape.
  • Open Terrariums:
    • Ensure proper air circulation to prevent mold and mildew. Regularly check for signs of excessive moisture.

Pruning and Trimming:

  • Regularly trim any dead or overgrown parts of the plants to maintain the terrarium’s appearance and health.
  • Remove any debris or fallen leaves to prevent mold growth.

Fertilizing:

  • Terrarium plants generally require minimal fertilization. If needed, use a diluted, balanced liquid fertilizer once every few months.
  • Avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to algae growth and plant burn.

Pest Control:

  • Inspect plants regularly for pests such as mites or fungus gnats.
  • Remove pests manually or use organic treatments like neem oil if necessary.

Cleaning:

  • Clean the glass periodically to remove dust and prevent algae buildup. Use a soft cloth or sponge with mild soapy water.
  • Avoid using harsh chemicals that could harm the plants.
 
 

Tips for Success

  1. Choose Compatible Plants:
    • Select plants with similar light, water, and humidity requirements to ensure they thrive together.
  2. Start Small:
    • If you’re new to terrariums, start with a small setup to get accustomed to the maintenance required.
  3. Layering Correctly:
    • Proper layering (stones, charcoal, soil) is crucial for drainage and preventing root rot.
  4. Avoid Overcrowding:
    • Ensure enough space between plants to allow for growth and airflow.
  5. Monitor the Environment:
    • Keep an eye on temperature, humidity, and light levels to make adjustments as needed.
  6. Use Quality Soil:
    • High-quality potting soil tailored to your plant types promotes healthy growth.
  7. Be Patient:
    • Allow time for plants to adjust and grow within the terrarium. Avoid frequent disturbances.
  8. Experiment with Designs:
    • Don’t be afraid to try different plant combinations and decorative elements to find what you love.
 
 
 

Troubleshooting Common Issues

1. Mold or Algae Growth:

  • Cause: Excess moisture and lack of ventilation.
  • Solution: Reduce watering, increase ventilation, and remove affected areas. Ensure the terrarium isn’t exposed to direct sunlight for prolonged periods.

2. Overheating:

  • Cause: Direct sunlight or high ambient temperatures.
  • Solution: Move the terrarium to a location with indirect light and away from heat sources. Consider opening a closed terrarium occasionally.

3. Wilting or Drooping Plants:

  • Cause: Underwatering or overwatering.
  • Solution: Check the soil moisture. Adjust your watering routine accordingly. Ensure proper drainage.

4. Yellowing Leaves:

  • Cause: Nutrient deficiency, overwatering, or poor lighting.
  • Solution: Assess your care routine. Consider adding a diluted fertilizer and ensure your plants are receiving adequate light.

5. Pest Infestation:

  • Cause: Poor hygiene or introduction of pests with plants.
  • Solution: Remove affected plants or pests manually. Use natural pest control methods if necessary.
 
 

Advanced Tips for Living Biome Terrariums

A living biome terrarium aims to replicate a natural ecosystem, often involving multiple layers and diverse plant species. Here are additional steps and considerations:

1. Mimic Natural Layers:

  • Canopy Layer: Taller plants that create a canopy.
  • Understory Layer: Medium-sized plants that thrive in partial shade.
  • Ground Layer: Small plants, mosses, and groundcovers.

2. Include Microfauna:

  • Beneficial Insects or Microorganisms: Introduce small organisms like springtails or isopods to help break down waste and maintain soil health.

3. Create a Water Feature:

  • Mini Waterfall or Pond: Incorporate a small water feature to add moisture and support aquatic or semi-aquatic plants.

4. Use Diverse Plant Species:

  • Select a variety of plants that contribute to the ecosystem’s balance, such as nitrogen-fixing plants, ground covers, and flowering species.

5. Incorporate Natural Elements:

  • Use natural materials like rocks, wood, and leaf litter to create a more authentic habitat.

6. Ensure Balanced Ecosystem:

  • Monitor plant growth and health to maintain a balanced environment where no single species overwhelms the others.